From a practical viewpoint, a time constant of 0.25 seconds mean that the flowmeter will register any change in the flow rate of at least 0.25 seconds duration. The technical attributes that provide high sensitivity to a uroflowmeter is the time constant parameter. Modern electronic uroflowmeters are designed to provide high sensitivity and reproducibility data. Commonly used flow meters use either weight, an electronic dip-stick, or a rotating disc to determine urinary flow rate. Uroflow Meter: Various urodynamic techniques have been devised to study voiding. Even though uroflowmetry is not specific in identifying outlet obstruction, the flow rate remains an extremely sensitive indicator of lower urinary tract dysfunction. If the patient believes that the test was not typical, it should be repeated. Third, if there is doubt about the accuracy of the test, it is important to ask the patient whether he or she felt it was representative. Second, the patient should be allowed to void in private because tension and embarrassment can artificially reduce the maximum flow achieved. First, the patient should understand the simple nature of the test and be as relaxed as possible to have a normal desire to void at the time of the study. It is important to get a representative flow pattern this pattern depends on a number of factors. Urine is funneled into a flowmeter that records volume versus time. It is performed by asking the patient to void in a special commode. Uroflowmetry, or the measure of urine volume voided over time, is a simple and non-invasive test. Combined with a post void residual (PVR) measurement, it provides information on voiding flow rate, flow pattern, ability to empty and capacity. In the majority of patients with bladder outlet obstruction, increased outlet resistance results in a diminished urinary flow rate. Uroflowmetry represents the interaction of detrusor contractility and outlet resistance. Electromyography of the striated urethral sphincter may be useful to assess neurogenic voiding dysfunction. More sophisticated measures of voiding function include a pressure-flow voiding study with or without videofluoroscopy. If the uroflowmetry and postvoid residual volume (PVR) are normal, voiding function is probably normal however, if the uroflowmetry or postvoid residual volume (PVR) or both are abnormal, further testing is necessary to determine the cause. Combined with assessment of postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), it is a screening test for voiding dysfunction. Uroflowmetry is an electronic measure of urine flow rate and pattern. The purpose of this document is to consider the best available evidence for evaluating voiding studies. More severe and troublesome incontinence probably occurs with increasing age, especially age older than 70 years. Among older, non-institutionalized women with incontinence evaluated in referral centers, stress incontinence is found less often, and detrusor abnormalities and mixed disorders are more common than in younger ambulatory women. Detrusor overactivity accounts for 7-33% of incontinence cases, with the remainder being mixed forms. Among ambulatory women with incontinence, the most common condition is urodynamic stress incontinence, which represents 29-75% of cases. The relative likelihood of each condition causing incontinence varies with the age and health of the individual. The estimated annual direct cost of urinary incontinence in women in the United States is $ 12.43 billion. Most women with incontinence do not seek medical help. Prevalence of incontinence appears to increase gradually during young adult life, has a broad peak around middle age, and then steadily increases in the elderly. Urinary incontinence affects 10-70% of women living in a community setting and up to 50% of nursing home residents. A number of treatment options exist, including behavioral, medical, and surgical approaches. Numerous techniques have been developed to evaluate the types and extent of urinary incontinence. Urodynamic tests are valuable for the assessment of voiding function. Educational grant provided by Women's Health and Education Center (WHEC). WHEC Practice Bulletin and Clinical Management Guidelines for healthcare providers.
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